AY '06-'07 2nd Sem English10 concept critique

Juan Gabriel L. de Leon
2006-07148
English 10 MHW
Mrs. Anna F. Sanchez
Concept Paper [Critique]

“Cheerleading: Exploring Beyond the Short Skirts”: An Evaluation

Miss Yvette Ruiz’s 10-page paper presents the history and development of the sport of cheerleading. Apparently, the author does this through two perspectives - one, via the general population’s view of the sport, and two, a cheerleader’s point of view. Notably, large sections of the paper seem to be personally expressed by the author (which the critic will cite later), wherein long paragraphs have no citations, which brought the impression that the paper’s author was actually a cheerleader in her own right.

Miss Ruiz starts the paper by clarifying many misconceptions about cheerleaders, then continues to present a brief history of cheerleading, defines it as a sport, presents the processes and preparations behind the actual performances, and gives an insight on the “future of cheerleading in the Philippines”. However, one notable aspect in the author’s style of writing is that every few paragraphs, she occasionally interjects to present some aspects of cheerleading “in Philippine context” (2-3). Though it does not halt the general flow of ideas throughout the paper, it would be more appropriate if a separate section for Philippine cheerleading be reserved to make it more fluid.

The author uses relatively simple terms throughout her work, leading to very few spelling, grammatical and punctuation-related errors, with few exemptions (“Ironically the first ever cheerleader is male”) (par.2, 2). Furthermore, few errors in format were present, like the double-spacing of a quoted yell in page 2, missing parenthetical citations in the last paragraph of page 5, and the single spacing in the Works Cited list. But the most troubling observation the critic found is a glaring lack in in-text citations, particularly from the section “The Responsibilities and Goals of Pep Squads” all the way down to “The Crowning Glory,” especially the latter, where certain dates and events were mentioned and should at least have a cross-reference to a source. Besides that, the critic also suggests that if the author were relating first-hand experiences in the paper, she should at least notify the reader about it, for example, “Having been part of the Squad since…” or in some other manner; this suggestion solely roots out from the impression that the author really is a cheerleader.

On the other hand, there are few 10-page papers which do not feel heavy for the reader, perhaps owing it to the usage of simple language and partly to the interest of the critic in cheerleading, a subject which he could relate to. However, as a last note, Miss Ruiz could expand the coverage of her paper’s audience beyond the University of the Philippines, or even the UAAP for that matter; for one, she could look into the National Colleges’ Athletics Association, another athletic organization that also sponsors cheerleading competitions.

AY '06-'07 2nd Sem English10 concept revised outline

Juan Gabriel L. de Leon

2006-07148

English 10 MHW

Mrs. Anna F. Sanchez
Concept Paper [Revised Outline]

“The Truth, the Whole Truth, and Nothing but the Truth”: The Value of Objectivity in Modern Media

Thesis Statement: The media, which primarily serves as a tool for information dissemination, can only be as truthful and as objective as the people who gather and interpret the information it presents.

I. Media is any form of mass publication
A. It comes in many forms, i.e. print, electronic, multimedia
B. It has proven itself useful in many aspects of society
C. It has not always been reliable and consistent
II. Many factors have affected the objectivity of presentations in the media
A. Parts of the media are owned by other people who enforce their personal interests on their media subordinates
B. Technology advancements have made it easier to access and pass information
C. Objectivity is not always wanted by the audience and/or the media
III. The media should try to minimize biases as much as possible
IV. The consumer should realize that they have the right to demand and find out the truth from the media

AY '06-'07 2nd Sem English10 concept first draft

DE LEON, Juan Gabriel L.

2006-07148

English 10 MHW

Mrs. Anna F. Sanchez
Concept Paper [First Draft]

“The Truth, the Whole Truth and Nothing but the Truth”: The Value of Objectivity in Modern Media

Different sources of media find themselves in bits of conflict every now and then. In recounting the events that happened during the December 15, 2007 Board of Regents meeting regarding the proposed increases in UP’s tuition and miscellaneous fees, the Philippine Daily reported that “[Student regent Raffy Jones] Sanchez, along with faculty regent Roland Simbulan, did not attend the meeting in protest of the sudden change in venue,” thinking that their presence would not hinder the approval of these said proposals (Yap A25). Contrary to that, student activists in UP Diliman claimed that the two regents were barred from entering the said BOR meeting. Interestingly, this is but one of many cases wherein two separate media groups presenting the same event contradict each other, either due to a particular bias or a different point of view. Such cases, especially in a presentation of facts, stain the reputation of the media as a fair and independent sector of society. This in turn will give rise to some questions regarding the primary functions of the media, certain factors that affect information processing within it, its actual contributions to society, and the areas which it could improve on, if any – questions that this paper will attempt to answer.

The word media stands for the plural term of the word “medium,” which basically defines the media: any medium or form of publication, i.e. books, pictures, newspapers, radio and television, and others. However, there is a modern definition of the media, as offered by Global Distance EducatioNet, which describes the media as “messages that are distributed through the technologies,” showing that the progress and success of the media came along with advances in present technology (“Media”).

Like mentioned in this paper’s definition, media come in many forms. Wikipedia.com disambiguates the forms of media into three: print media (through paper), electronic media (through electronic devices), and published media, better known as mass media (information “made available to the public”), though arguably the first two forms could also fall under published media, credited to the increased development and use of “multimedia,” which incorporates many forms of information processing (“Media”). Modern media operates in many parts essential to society; it has proven itself useful in practically anything, ranging from the sciences and education to politics, news, business and entertainment. However, being the human who was naturally blessed with curiosity and skepticism, some cannot help but ask, evaluate, or even criticize anything that comes out of the press, especially those with doubtful sources based on the consumer’s judgment.

But as stated by Sharon Beder, a professor-writer, people who are part of the media “often claim that their own biases and the pressures from advertisers and media owners do not affect their work because of their professional norm of 'objectivity.'” Here he presents the concept of objectivity, “the ability to view something without influence of feelings or emotions,” and also gives two main components of objectivity, “the first is 'depersonalisation' which means that journalists should not overtly express their own views, evaluations, or beliefs. The second is 'balance' which involves presenting the views of representatives of both sides of a controversy without favouring one side,” (par. 1). But is it really possible? John Swinton, a former Chief of Staff of the New York Times, was once quoted to have said in a New York Press Club congregation that

There is no such thing, at this date of the world's history, in America, as independent press. You know it and I know it. There is not one of you who dares[sic] to write your honest opinions, and if you did, you know beforehand that it would never appear in print. I am paid weekly for keeping my honest opinion out of the paper I am connected with. Others of you are paid similar salaries for similar things, and any of you who would be so foolish as to write honest opinions would be out on the streets looking for another job.
If I allowed my honest opinions to appear in one issue of my paper, before twenty-four hours my occupation would be gone. The business of the journalists is to destroy the truth; to lie outright; to pervert; to vilify; to fawn at the feet of mammon, and to sell his country and his race for his daily bread. You know it and I know it and what folly is this toasting an independent press? We are the tools and vassals of rich men behind the scenes. We are the jumping jacks, they pull the strings and we dance. Our talents, our possibilities and our lives are all the property of other men. We are intellectual prostitutes. (pars. 2-3).

Swinton pointed out the influence of the higher authorities on the media. He was not referring to his opinion as “the truth,” nor was his statement an objective one; but the fact remains that those who have the money and power have control over its domain. Businessmen, tycoons, and in some cases, the government, virtually own parts of the media sector – people who have their own interests and loyalties, who in turn influence or force their subordinates to follow suit (qtd. in “Blackout”).

Furthermore, he issued that statement back in 1953, a time when black and white television, ENIAC, and the analog radio were the most prominent advances in technology. Fast forward by half a decade, and the Fifth Estate, the so-called bloggers, add tons of information daily to the world’s largest info database, the information superhighway called the Internet (Zuckerman, pars. 2-4) More people get to speak their own versions of what they think the truth is, leading to the famous saying “truth is relative.”

Somewhat similar to Swinton’s statement but a bit more judgmental and harsher is Karl Loren’s analysis of the media’s primary purpose:

It creats[sic] chaos in many ways, chief of which is to create conflict where none had existed. Or to increase artifically[sic] a small conflict into a much larger conflict. It does this, in turn, by reporting manipulations of the truth -- where, for instance, it reports some truth in such a way as to leave a false impression, therefore create conflict, and thus create chaos.
Why does it want to create chaos? Because the media is a tool in the hands of the truly evil men who have, for so long, tried to rule the world.
The media always "aim" their news coverage "below" the standards of common morality -- in order to appeal to the least moral in our society. They do this naturally by saying that the only way they can sell their stuff is to put into their reports "what people want to hear."
They aim a bit BELOW what people want to hear -- but it is close enough to appeal to the lower fringes of the group (pars. 3-4, 8-9).

Loren’s statement makes the reader think if objectivity is really wanted in the media or even by its audience. Michael Kinsley of Slate Magazine gives a concrete example involving this dilemma, citing the stand of the American press on the September 11, 2001 tragedy perpetuated by Osama bin Laden. He notes that in light of the presented situation “pro-Osama sentiments are just not a plausible motive. The notion that journalists covertly sympathize with a mass murderer who may well be targeting journalists specifically is too far-fetched,” and that any person who would dare to do such will be openly “accused of betraying,” (par. 3). Furthermore, he adds:

No one who watches, reads, or listens could have any doubt that the American media are flagrantly biased. They are pro-America and anti-Bin Laden. On a few occasions when media outlets have allowed neutral, objective standards of newsworthiness to trump overt support for the cause—for example, on the issue of broadcasting Bin Laden's propaganda tapes—the journalists have backed down quickly when criticized (par. 4).

Kinsley’s remarks also pointed out the wide “spectrum” between opinions and facts in these instances - their national press would consider the statement “it's wrong to hijack a plane and crash it into the Pentagon” as more of fact than opinion,” (par. 6-7). He concludes his article with

This is not the familiar point that objectivity is impossible because objective reality is an ever-receding mirage or because human beings can never purge themselves of bias. These things may or may not be true, but a newspaper or TV reporter can still try to perceive and convey the facts as neutrally as possible. The point here is that even where objectivity, balance, and all those good things are possible, they're not always wanted—even by those who preach about them the most (par. 8).

Due to all these complications, the media became a molder of public opinion. But it still is imperative for the media to keep their works unblemished from bias as much as possible, to hear both sides of any conflict; Rabbi Shraga Simmons uses the Middle East conflict between Israel and the Arab nations to explain his point, showing repeatedly that the media has been particularly biased against Israel, and gives a list of what to avoid to establish a more objective report or paper, and what media consumers should be beware of so as to “avoid becoming a pawn in the media war,” citing “7 Violations of Media Objectivity” (par. 7):

Misleading definitions and terminology.
Imbalanced reporting.
Opinions disguised as news.
Lack of context.
Selective omission.
Using true facts to draw false conclusions.
Distortion of facts. (par. 8).

FAIR (Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting), America’s national watchdogs and advocates for media objectivity, also gives the audiences of the media some guidelines in detecting bias in the presentations of the media. It challenges the viewer and the press to “be aware of the political perspective of the sources used in a story… demand that the media reflect the diversity of the public they serve… expose the use of double standards… avoid generalizing through use of stereotypes… and provide a proper context for the presented information,” (“Bias”).

List of Works Cited

Beder, Sharon. “Objectivity.” The Media. 28 Jan. 2007 <http://homepage.mac.com/herinst/envcrisis/media/objectivity.html>.
Global Distance EducatioNet. “Media.” Distance Learning Resources. The World Bank Group. 28 Jan. 2007 <http://www1.worldbank.org/disted/glossary.html>.
“How to Detect Bias in News Media.” Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting. 2000. 28 Jan. 2007 <http://homepage.mac.com/herinst/envcrisis/media/objectivity.html>.
Kinsley, Michael. “Osama Done Told Me: So How Come Media Objectivity is Suddenly a Bad Thing?” Slate Magazine. 8 Nov. 2001. 28 Jan. 2007 .
Loren, Karl. “The True Purpose of Media on the Planet.” Moral Group Discussion. 9 May 2003. 28 Jan. 2007 <http://www.moralgroup.com/moraldiscus/messages/42/44.html>.
“Media.” Wikipedia. 26 Jan. 2007. GNU Free License Documentation. 28 Jan. 2007 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media>.
“Media Blacks Out the Truth.” Does Media Blackout The Truth. Health Education Alliance for Life and Longevity. 28 Jan. 2007 <http://www.heall.com/medicalfreedom/mediablackout.html>.
Simmons, Shraga. “7 Principles of Media Objectivity.” Objectivity and the Media. 28 Jan. 2007 <http://www.aish.com/Israel/articles/7_principles_of_media_objectivity.asp>.
Yap, DJ. “UP regents vote 7-0 for tuition hike.” Philippine Daily Inquirer 16 Dec. 2006: A25.
Zuckerman, Mortimer B. “The Wild, Wild Web.” USNews.com. 5 Dec. 2005. 28 Jan. 2007 <http://www.usnews.com/usnews/opinion/articles/051205/5edit.htm>.

AY '06-'07 2nd Sem PanPil 17 current events paper

Ang mga Barbie sa PEP.ph

Nagpa-lipo daw ng pwet si Yasmien.

Argh. Sabi ni Ma’am maraming artik na maikokonek sa “Unbearable Heaviness” ni Roselle Pineda. Pero si Yasmien pa lang at ang pwet nya ang nahagilap ko.

Hmmm… bakit yung pwet? Hindi ba “ass-et” dapat yun pag medyo malaki yung buttocks mo? Akala ko pa naman 36-24-36 ang ideal woman? Weird.

Pero teka, ano nga ba itsura ni Barbie? Maliit ba buttocks nya? Ah, siguro tama nga si miss roselle… karamihan ng babae, or siguro ilan sa mga na-feature sa PEP.ph, ay nangangarap na magkaron ng Barbie-like na katawan. Hindi naman malaki pwet ni Barbie eh. Pero relatively, malaki boobs nya, compared sa framework ng katawan nya. Siguro hindi maaabot ng mga artistang pinoy ang projected height ni Barbie, pero binabawi nila sa boobs nila. And as if that’s not enough, yung iba [especially yung mga young prospects], they proceed to baring their flesh to the press. Para ma-emphasize yung laki ng mga dibdib nila.

Hayun, tsaka ako nakarating sa isang video na may captions na “Ilan sa mga baguhang young stars ngayon ay lumalabas sa mga sexy pictorials ng men's magazines. Dapat ba nilang gawin ito para sumikat?”. Sa ibaba nun may isang comment, galing sa isang nagngangalang “Veronica”:

Kung wala kang talent, magpa-sexy ka. Kung me talent ka, hindi mo na kailangang maghubad pa lang magkaroon ng fans. Physical aspects fades[sic]. Talent lasts.

Natuwa naman ako. Kasi naisip ko, ano nga ba yung mga talent ni Barbie? Pwera sa magpa-cute, magdamit na pang-model, ano pa ba? Hindi naman yata talent ang pagiging maganda. In short, walang talent si Barbie. Totoo rin kaya yun para sa mga ate namin na nagdesisyon na magpalitrato ng hubad para sa mga magasin para sumikat (Exception nga pala si Yasmien, ayaw nyang mag-pose for men’s ogle catalogs…)? Tingin ba nila matatawag nang talent ang pagpapa-sexy at ang pag-uudyok sa mga lalaki na magpantasya o magkasala dahil sa mga curves at bulges ng kanilang katawan, ayon kay Rica Peralejo (na ironically, isang sexy star din dati)?

Viva Hot Babes. Sexbomb. Katrina Halili. Iwa Moto. Yasmien Kurdi? I refuse to believe na ang mga Pilipinang ito ay walang talent kaya sila nagpapakita ng kalamnan. Bakit, marunong naman kumanta at sumayaw yang mga yan ah. Baka may mga hidden ingenuities pa, who knows.

But then, they dreamt and chose to be living Barbies - to be maliciously looked at by men, and yet to be looked up to by young and not-so-young women. And so the cycle goes on, but one of the aspects of a stereotyped Filipina will remain unchanged, if not worsen: the prostitute - ang babaeng pagpapalit ang lahat, pati ang dangal, upang mapabilis ang proseso ng paghahanap ng kabuluhan at saysay sa buhay… as if may sense yun.

Syemay. Ang incoherent yata nung mga pinagsususulat ko. Gisado na naman ako kay Ma’am. Sheesh. (“,)

AY '06-'07 2nd Sem PanPil 17 skit schematics

balangkas ng skit sa panpil17: ideal shampoo commercial

mga tauhan: narrator, prinsesa, bruha na witch, 3 prinsipe, 2 fairies, fairy godmother, ideal prince
storyline: rapunzel?

-narrator: intro
-sa isang pagkalayo-layong kaharian, may isang prinsesa na ubod ng ganda
-mayroon ring isang bruhang salamangkera na ubod ng pangit at sobrang gulo ng buhok
-nainggit ang witch sa magandang buhok ng prinsesa, sinumpa ang prinsesa na makukulong sa mataas na tower ang prinsesa hanggang sa may isang lalaki na magsasabing maganda ang buhok nya
-pinapangit nya ang buhok ni prinsesa at kinulong sa tower
-iiyak si prinsesa
-dadating si prinsipe1 at susubukang i-rescue si prinsesa by climbing the tower using the prinsesa’s hair as rope
-malalaglag ang dandruff ni prinsesa at dahil doon ay mapupuing si prinsipe1
-aalis si prinsipe1, iiyak ulit si prinsesa
-darating si fairy1, tatanggalin ang dandruff ni prinsesa thru magic
-darating si prinsipe2 at susubukang i-rescue si prinsesa by climbing the tower using the prinsesa’s hair as rope
-mapuputol ang hair ni prinsesa, malalaglag si prinsipe2
-iiyak ulit si prinsesa at darating si fairy2
-aayusin ni fairy2 ang breakable hair ni prinsesa thru magic
-darating si prinsipe3, at susubukang i-rescue si prinsesa by climbing the tower using the prinsesa’s hair as rope
-masusugatan ang kamay ni prinsipe3 dahil sa roughness ng hair ni prinsesa, at malalaglag siya
-iiyak ulit si prinsesa, darating si fairy godmother at ipapaliwanag na walang magagawa ang magic sa paglutas ng kanyang problema
-bibigay ni fairy godmother ang ideal shampoo
-darating si ideal prince, mabibighani sa ideal hair ni prinsesa
-guguho ang tower at makakawala sa curse si prinsesa
-maiinlove si prinsipe kay prinsesa
-ipagmamalaki ni prinsesa ang miracles ng pagkakaron ng ideal hair

AY '06-'07 2nd Sem SocSci1 group task research

Research Methods in Social Science

Ø a science is characterized by its systematic and empirical approach in answering questions, not by its topic of study
Ø a systematic and empirical approach requires from the scientist…
o …curiosity: making inquiries based on observations
o …skepticism: requiring sufficient evidence before accepting any claim
o …objectivity: ensuring the integrity, fairness, and accuracy of a study
o …critical thinking: thoroughly evaluating and testing generally accepted conventions or facts
Ø it employs the scientific method, which basically tests and/or challenges theories by formulating hypotheses
o conceptualization of a problem: (gives an operational definition which presents how the study should be conducted)
o collection of research information or data (ex. psychology uses random and representative sampling in a population for relevant results)
o analysis of data (i.e. statistical analysis)
o drawing conclusions based from the analyzed data
Ø by using a scientific approach, social scientists try to minimize any personal, gender and racial biases, and keep themselves aware of any ethical complications

Ø types of research:
o descriptive (reliance on observation and recording of events, i.e. case studies, surveys and interviews)
§ ex. (psychology) standardized tests, IQ tests [What is your IQ?]
o correlational (description of the strength of relationship between two or more events or characteristics)
§ ex. (psychology) What is the relationship between male effeminacy and their socio-economic status?
o experimental (regulated procedure wherein certain factors are manipulated or controlled, depending on the topic of interest)
§ ex. (psychology) James Pennebaker’s study on the effect of writing about one’s emotions to their physical health

Source:

Santrock, J. W. (2005). Psychology 7 (pp. 40-67). New York: McGraw-Hill.

AY '06-'07 2nd Sem English 10 concept annotated bibliography

Juan Gabriel L. de Leon
2006-07148

English 10 MHW

Mrs. Anna F. Sanchez
Concept Paper [Annotated Bibliography]

Annotated List of Works Cited

Beder, Sharon. “Sphere of Objectivity.” The Media. 17 Jan. 2007 <http://homepage.mac.com/herinst/envcrisis/media/objectivity/sphere.html>.

Beder presents an in-depth analysis of what the limits of objectivity are, that objectivity should only be applied “to a recognized sphere of controversy”; that is, balance is not needed if not two sides are considered. He pointed out that “journalists are free to write what they like if they produce well written stories… if what they write fits the ideology of those above them in the hierarchy.” Furthermore, he also noted that generally, the media thinks of the “status quo” as the norm, and that adhering to it is part of being objective.
This is one of the primary sources of the paper; the definition of objectivity and the paper’s scope and limitations revolve around the main points of Beder’s article.

“How to Detect Bias in News Media.” Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting. 2000. FAIR. 17 Jan. 2007 <http://www.fair.org/index.php?page=121>.

This article published by the United States’ media watchdog, FAIR, discusses in short detail how the media’s audience could evaluate and challenge the fairness and accuracy of news media institutions, knowing that the media has “tremendous power in setting cultural guidelines and in shaping political discourse.” Specifically it points out how the media’s primary sources, race and gender diversity, stereotypes and assumptions tend to stain the truth values of the information presented for its consumers.
A chunk of the paper’s conclusions and recommendations come from FAIR’s analysis of media biases in general.

Kinsley, Michael. “Osama Done Told Me.” Slate Magazine. 8 Nov. 2001. 16 Jan. 2007 <http://www.slate.com/id/2058456>.

Michael Kinsley, a journalist, uses Osama bin Laden as one of the major causes of the decline of media objectivity in America. He noted that after the September 11 tragedy, American media strongly believed that the statement “it’s wrong to hijack a plane and crash it into the Pentagon is closer to being a fact than an opinion.” He also acknowledges that though the media has become “flagrantly pro-American” and has slanted to more liberal approaches, being American is not an excuse for being excessively biased; yet as a result of these past events, objectivity is not wanted from the press anymore.
This essay contributed greatly to the approach used in analyzing the paper’s main problem, aided with concrete examples provided by Kinsley.

Loren, Karl. “The True Purpose of Media in the Planet.” Online posting. 9 May 2003. Moral Group. 12 Jan. 2007 <http://www.moralgroup.com/moraldiscus/messages/42/44.html>.

Loren gives more of a critical view against the media and less of his topic’s title, which asks what the true “purpose” of the media is. His article presents the media as “the “harbingers of bad news” who in turn “creates chaos in many ways, chief of which is to create conflict where none had existed”. He strongly stressed that the media is a “tool in the hands of truly evil men who… tried to rule the world. The author backs up his opinion with statements of confession from “disgraced” journalists and newspapers.
Loren’s position represents a radical view of the media; yet his position only exaggerated the actual influence of the people who control the media.

Simmons, Shraga. “7 Principles of Media Objectivity.” Objectivity and the Media. Aish HaTorah. 16 Jan. 2007 <http://www.aish.com/Israel/articles/7_principles_of_media_objectivity.asp>.

Rabbi Simmons tackles some of the basic principles of media objectivity and how they are usually violated, citing various media interpretations of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, which, according to Simmons’ examples, tend to influence public opinion and invoke sympathy for the Palestinians because of many misleading or deliberate errors like “selective omission”, “distortion of facts” and disguising opinions as news.
The rabbi summed up the violations of the very values the media claim to adhere and follow, and seriously stressed that such errors must be corrected.

AY '06-'07 2nd Sem English 10 draft concept outline 1st revision

Juan Gabriel L. de Leon
2006-07148
English 10 MHW
Mrs. Anna F. Sanchez
Concept Paper [Outline Draft]

“The Truth, the Whole Truth, and Nothing but the Truth”: The Value of Objectivity in Modern Media

Thesis Statement: The media, which primarily serves as a tool for information dissemination, can only be as truthful and as objective as the people who gather and interpret the information it presents.

I. The media functions as a transmitter of information to any given audience, and can come in many forms.
A. Some are printed in books and journals.
B. Some are made available via news and broadcasts.
C. Some are delivered through electronic devices.
D. Some incorporate and integrate different many forms of processing information.
II. Today's media has become the leading shaper of public opinion and of culture.
A. The people behind the media are driven to earn large profits.
B. Liberal media personalities feel the need to air their personal opinions like in…
1. …Political positions.
2. …Religious preferences.
3. …Gender roles.
4. …Racial issues.
III. The media can never present the absolute truth and can never be truly objective.
A. Truth is relative.
1. As information is passed from one point to another, the interpretation of it varies.
2. Numerous innovations in technology have made information easier to access and to pass forward to others.
B. The media is a tool "made by humans for humans," and humans can never become fully objective.
IV. The media is not always correct; it is not infallible.
A. It can be fair and accurate, but only to a certain extent.
B. A study in search for what could be the most fair and accurate mode of information transfer should be conducted.